GSM modems themselves technically can't receive SMS in the way a phone does. They rely on software and configurations to function.

Here's a breakdown of how SMS reception on a GSM modem works:

  1. SIM Card: A GSM modem needs a SIM card with a valid service plan to connect to a cellular network.

  2. AT Commands: GSM modems communicate using AT commands, a special instruction set. Software applications or scripts can send AT commands to the modem to instruct it on receiving SMS.

  3. Software Configuration: Software is needed to interpret the modem's responses to AT commands and manage the received SMS data. This software can be custom-developed or use libraries like SMSLib [SMSLib for Java ON smslib.org].

  4. SMS Storage: Received SMS messages are typically stored on the SIM card or the modem's memory, depending on the configuration. The software can then retrieve them using AT commands.

In essence, the GSM modem acts as a hardware interface, and the software handles the communication and message management.

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